Full Glossary
Pricing & Fees

Fair Market Value

The price an item would sell for on the open market between a willing buyer and a willing seller, both having reasonable knowledge of relevant facts. Used for estate tax valuations, insurance appraisals, and charitable donation deductions.

How It Works in Practice

Fair market value is a legal and tax concept, not necessarily what an item sells for at auction. Auction prices can be above or below FMV depending on the audience, competition, and timing. For estate tax purposes, the IRS uses FMV as of the date of death. Professional appraisers determine FMV using comparable sales data, while auctioneers often provide FMV estimates based on their market experience. AI cataloging tools can generate value tier estimates that approximate FMV ranges.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is fair market value the same as auction price?
Not necessarily. Fair market value assumes a hypothetical open-market transaction between informed parties. Auction prices reflect actual market conditions — a competitive auction may exceed FMV, while a poorly-attended sale may fall short. For tax and insurance purposes, FMV is determined by professional appraisers using comparable sales data, not by a single auction result.
How is fair market value determined for estate items?
FMV is typically determined by: comparable recent sales (eBay sold listings, auction archives, dealer prices), professional appraisal (USPAP-compliant), or market research. For estate tax purposes, IRS Publication 561 provides guidelines. Auctioneers often provide informal FMV estimates to consignors based on their market experience, while recommending formal appraisals for high-value items.

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